Condiciones psicológicas y su asociación con el control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: revisión sistemática y metanálisis (2014-2024)
e202512085
Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Control glucémico, Hemoglobina glucosilada, Fenómenos psicológicosResumen
FUNDAMENTOS // La diabetes constituye una emergencia sanitaria mundial, por lo que su abordaje requiere la aplicación de modelos biopsicosociales que incluyan
las condiciones psicológicas, cuyo efecto en el control glucémico no ha sido completamente establecido. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia sobre la asociación entre las condiciones psicológicas y el control glucémico en pacientes adultos con diabetes tipo 2.
MÉTODOS // Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metanálisis de estudios originales publicados entre 2014 y 2024, siguiendo la guía PRISMA. Se aplicaron ocho estrategias de búsqueda en bases indexadas. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales (cohortes y transversales) que midieron el control glucémico usando la hemoglobina glicosilada. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evalúo con las herramientas de evaluación critica del Instituto Joanna Briggs y el Manual Cochrane adaptado. Se analizaron la heterogeneidad, el sesgo de publicación y la estimación del efecto combinado de la hemoglobina glicosilada.
RESULTADOS // Se incluyeron diecisiete estudios originales que abordaron veinte condiciones psicológicas, hallándose asociación entre el control glucémico y el apoyo social, la autoeficacia, el empoderamiento, la angustia emocional relacionada con la diabetes, el estrés percibido y el fatalismo en diabetes. No se halló asociación con la depresión ni el estrés semanal. El metanálisis de efectos aleatorios reportó heterogeneidad y sesgo de publicación, además de una media global de la hemoglobina glicosilada de 7,98 (IC 95%=7,61-8,36).
CONCLUSIONES // Las condiciones psicológicas están asociadas al control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, lo cual respalda su inclusión en los programas de atención integral a la diabetes.
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