Consecuencias psicológicas de las amputaciones por accidente laboral
e202402015
Palabras clave:
Amputación, Amputación traumática, Pérdida extremidad, Accidente laboral, Consecuencias psicológicas, TraumaResumen
FUNDAMENTOS // Las amputaciones en accidente laboral son un fenómeno con gran incidencia y características peculiares. Los escasos estudios que abordan los efectos de la amputación se refieren a grandes extremidades y muestran que, más allá de las secuelas físicas, existen consecuencias importantes a nivel psicológico. El objetivo de este artículo fue mostrar el conocimiento actualizado sobre las principales consecuencias psicopatológicas de las amputaciones por accidente laboral y de las variables que pueden modularlas.
MÉTODOS // Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de carácter no sistemático, con búsquedas variadas ad hoc para las distintas variables estudiadas.
RESULTADOS // Los estudios se han centrado principalmente en la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, el trastorno de estrés postraumático y el dolor del miembro fantasma. También se han identificado variables moduladoras que mejoran el pronóstico: adaptación a la vida cotidiana, ejercicio físico, estrategias de afrontamiento, resiliencia y calidad de vida.
CONCLUSIONES // Las distintas áreas psicológicas afectadas revisadas deben considerarse al acompañar a las personas con amputación por accidente laboral. Asimismo, potenciar las variables moduladoras cuya presencia mejora el pronóstico es un campo interesante para la intervención profesional.
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