Efectos del cambio climático en la salud pública, 2015-2020. Una revisión sistemática

e202103042

Autores/as

  • Lidice Álvarez-Miño Grupo de Investigación Ciencias del Cuidado en Enfermería (GICCE). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Magdalena. Santa Marta. Colombia.
  • Robinson Taboada-Montoya Grupo de Investigación Ciencias del Cuidado en Enfermería (GICCE). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Magdalena. Santa Marta. Colombia.

Palabras clave:

Cambio climático, Salud Pública, Revisión sistemática

Resumen

Fundamentos: El cambio climático antropogénico es un fenómeno que adquiere cada vez más importancia en muchos ámbitos como la economía y la política, pero además tiene gran relevancia científica debido a los importantes efectos que tiene en la salud de las personas. La relación del cambio climático con la salud ha provocado un aumento de la producción de conocimiento científico acerca de este tema y por ello el objetivo de este artículo fue proporcionar una revisión actualizada de la evidencia científica de acceso abierto, en los últimos cinco años, relacionada con los efectos del cambio climático antropogénico en la Salud Pública.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, en español e inglés, en cuatro bases de datos sin subscripción, a partir de términos de tesauros en línea; se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y una evaluación con la estrategia STROBE.
Resultados: Se analizaron finalmente 18 publicaciones evidenciando la relación entre los eventos extremos, como olas de calor y frío, con el aumento de la mortalidad por diversas causas, especialmente por infartos; la alteración de los periodos de lluvias y sequía como un determinante de diversas enfermedades infecciosas; la contaminación del aire por las emisiones derivadas del uso de combustibles fósiles con la reducción de 2,9 años de la expectativa de vida mundial. Además, otros autores reportaron predicciones a partir de alteraciones del clima en riesgos a la salud; y las percepciones de la población y de los responsables de políticas públicas sobre los impactos del cambio climático en la salud.
Conclusiones: Los estudios, sin importar la región o país, se conectan entre sí, mostrando las relaciones e impactos, locales y globales, de las variaciones climáticas sobre la salud de las poblaciones.

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Publicado

17-03-2021 — Actualizado el 04-06-2024

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1.
Álvarez-Miño L, Taboada-Montoya R. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud pública, 2015-2020. Una revisión sistemática: e202103042. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 4 de junio de 2024 [citado 15 de noviembre de 2024];95:19 páginas. Disponible en: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/653