Factores predictores de los niveles de burnout y work engagement en médicos y enfermeras: una revisión sistemática
e202104046
Palabras clave:
Enfermeras, Médicos, Salud mental, Agotamiento psicológico, Estrés psicológico, Compromiso laboral, Factores de riesgo, BurnoutResumen
Fundamentos: Los profesionales sanitarios suelen estar sometidos a condiciones laborales exigentes y tanto el burnout como el work engagement son reacciones psicológicas que se desarrollan cuando las características personales interactúan con las características del trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que influyen en los niveles de burnout y work engagement en los profesionales sanitarios.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO y ScienceDirect de los artículos publicados entre los meses de enero de 2015 y octubre de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).
Resultados: Un total de 27 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Entre los profesionales sanitarios se observaron niveles moderados de work engagement y valores bajos de burnout. Las demandas laborales (sobrecarga laboral, tipo de turno, concurrencia de eventos negativos, tipo de servicio, etc.) y los recursos personales, situacionales y organizacionales (capital psicológico, apoyo social, capacidad de expresar emociones, valores personales, sentirse autorrealizado, entre otros), pueden ser factores que influyan en los niveles de work engagement y burnout.
Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten ofrecer implicaciones para el diseño, la evaluación y eficacia de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para reducir el riesgo de burnout y mejorar los niveles de work engagement en los trabajadores de la salud.
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doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000759
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Derechos de autor 2021 Juan Jesús García-Iglesias, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Macarena Romero-Martín, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Yolanda Navarro-Abal
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