Estrategias en la prevención y el control de la pandemia de la COVID-19 causada por el SARS-CoV-2. Factores ambientales

e202011115

Autores/as

  • Francisco Alberto Tomei Torres Investigador en salud ambiental. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Salud Ambiental.

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Gripe, Influenza, Factores ambientales, Temperatura, Humedad, Luz ultravioleta, Estaciones del año, Materia particulada

Resumen

En este trabajo se exploró el rol que los factores ambientales pueden jugar en la prevención y control de la epidemia de la COVID-19, y se comparó la misma con la de la influenza. Se discutieron trabajos citados por la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de EEUU, los cuales señalan que la temperatura y la humedad en el ambiente pueden influir en la intensidad de la propagación de la enfermedad. Se ilustró el hecho que los virus de la influenza y los coronavirus aparecen por temporadas, prevaleciendo en invierno y decayendo en verano. Se discutió que la luz ultravioleta en el ambiente puede contribuir al control de la propagación del virus. Se citó un estudio que sugiere que el material particulado contribuye al aumento en la mortalidad de la infección, y que también se incrementa en verano en algunas regiones, contrarrestando los efectos saludables de la humedad y la temperatura. Se compararon datos generados por herramientas electrónicas en línea con los informes de vigilancia generados por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de EEUU. La epidemia comenzó más fuerte en los países del hemisferio norte durante el invierno boreal (no se discute la evidencia de que la epidemia se intensificó durante el invierno austral). La incidencia decayó en el hemisferio norte durante el verano, excepto en EEUU, donde los casos se doblaron. La Covid-19 es varias veces más infecciosa que la influenza. La evidencia sugiere que el alto grado de infección de SARS-CoV-2 contrarresta el rol que los factores ambientales puedan jugar en el control de la COVID-19.

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Publicado

23-11-2020

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1.
Tomei Torres FA. Estrategias en la prevención y el control de la pandemia de la COVID-19 causada por el SARS-CoV-2. Factores ambientales: e202011115. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 23 de noviembre de 2020 [citado 27 de septiembre de 2024];94:18 páginas. Disponible en: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/737

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