Influence of the pandemic of COVID-19 in distribution of acute bronchiolitis in Spain
e202310089
Keywords:
Spain, Bronchiolitis, Children, Respiratory syncytial virus, COVID-19Abstract
BACKGROUND // Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under one year of age, with annual epidemics. Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been a change in the transmission of other respiratory viruses. Our aim in this paper was to describe how COVID-19 had affected the distribution of acute bronchiolitis in our country.
METHODS // We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of the cases of bronchiolitis treated in a sample of Spanish hospitals belonging to four autonomous communities. A chi-square test and Student’s t- test were used to compare epidemiological and demographic variables between patients attending the hospital with bronchiolitis during January 2021-June 2021 with patients attending the hospital in the previous three years (2018-2020).
RESULTS // We analyzed 6,124 cases of bronchiolitis (58.8% males and 41.2% females). The mean age was 0.5 years (SD: 0.4). In 2020, we observed a decrease of bronchiolitis cases compared to 2019 of 67%. During 2020 and 2021, the epidemic season started in January-February and peaked in June. During the first half of 2021, the highest percentage of admissions for bronchiolitis associated with RSV infection was observed in hospitals in central Spain corresponding to the Autonomous Community of Madrid (78.5% of admissions).
CONCLUSIONS // The COVID-19 pandemic significantly modifies the seasonality of bronchiolitis. In our country, the flow and distribution of the disease are not uniform. It starts in the center of Spain and ends on the coast.
Downloads
References
Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, Anderson LJ. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. JAMA. 1999;282(15):1440-1446.
Leader S, Kohlhase K. Respiratory syncytial virus-coded pediatric hospitalizations, 1997 to 1999. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21(7):629-632.
Florin TA, Plint AC, Zorc JJ. Viral bronchiolitis. The Lancet. 2017;389(10065):211-224.
Shi T, McAllister DA, O’Brien KL, Simoes EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. The Lancet. 2017;390(10098):946-958.
Haynes AK, Manangan AP, Iwane MK, Sturm-Ramirez K, Homaira N, Brooks WA et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Circulation in Seven Countries With Global Disease Detection Regional Centers. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2013;208(suppl 3):S246-254.
Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-473.
Sanz-Muñoz I, Tamames-Gómez S, Castrodeza-Sanz J, Eiros-Bouza JM, De Lejarazu-Leonardo RO. Social Distancing, Lockdown and the Wide Use of Mask; A Magic Solution or a Double-Edged Sword for Respiratory Viruses Epidemiology? Vaccines. 2021;9(6):595.
Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do. The Lancet. 2002;359(9301):145-149.
Stevens TP, Sinkin RA, Hall CB, Maniscalco WM, McConnochie KM. Respiratory syncytial virus and premature infants born at 32 weeks’ gestation or earlier: hospitalization and economic implications of prophylaxis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(1):55-61.
Yeoh DK, Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT et al. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on Detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children During the 2020 Australian Winter. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;72(12):2199-2202.
Van Summeren J, Meijer A, Aspelund G, Casalegno JS, Erna G, Hoang U et al. Low levels of respiratory syncytial virus activity in Europe during the 2020/21 season: what can we expect in the coming summer and autumn/winter? Eurosurveillance [Internet]. 22 de julio de 2021 [consultado 23 de mayo de 2022];26(29). Disponible en: https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100639
NPIs Impact On Flu Consortium, Huang QS, Wood T, Jelley L, Jennings T, Jefferies S et al. Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1001.
Bents S, Viboud C, Grenfell B, Hogan A, Tempia S, Von Gottberg A et al. The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on future respiratory syncytial virus transmission in South Africa [Internet]. Public and Global Health; 2022 mar [citado 23 de mayo de 2022]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2022.03.12.22271872
Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT et al. The Interseasonal Resurgence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Australian Children Following the Reduction of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Public Health Measures. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(9):e2829-2830.
Foley DA, Phuong LK, Peplinski J, Lim SM, Lee WH, Farhat A et al. Examining the interseasonal resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child. 2022;107(3):e1.1-e7.
Rybak A, Levy C, Jung C, Béchet S, Batard C, Hassid F et al. Delayed Bronchiolitis Epidemic in French Primary Care Setting Driven by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Preliminary Data from the Oursyn Study, March 2021. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2021;40(12):e511-514.
Rius-Peris JM, Lucas-García J, García-Peris M, Tomás PE, Sequí-Canet JM, De Dios JG. Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic over acute bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the center and east of Spain. Anales de Pediatría (English Edition). 2021;95(5):345-353.
Bermúdez Barrezueta L, Brezmes Raposo M, Sanz Fernández I, López Casillas P, Villa Francisco C, Pino Vázquez A. Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 sobre la tasa de ingresos por infecciones respiratorias en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Medicina Intensiva. 2022;46(5):281-285.
Guitart C, Bobillo-Perez S, Alejandre C, Armero G, Launes C, Cambra FJ et al. Bronchiolitis, epidemiological changes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):84.
Reicherz F, Xu RY, Abu-Raya B, Majdoubi A, Michalski C, Golding L et al. Waning Immunity Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2022;jiac192.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez, Patricia Martínez Paz, María Montero Alonso, Ana Concheiro Guisan, Ana Isabel Villares Porto-Domínguez, María Casero González, Diego Bautista Lozano, Asier Oliver Olid, Arancha Quiroga de Castro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Usted es libre de:
Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato.
La licenciante no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.
Bajo los siguientes términos:
Atribución — Usted debe dar crédito de manera adecuada , brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante.
NoComercial — Usted no puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales.
SinDerivadas — Si remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, no podrá distribuir el material modificado.
No hay restricciones adicionales — No puede aplicar términos legales ni medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otras a hacer cualquier uso permitido por la licencia.
Avisos:
No tiene que cumplir con la licencia para elementos del material en el dominio público o cuando su uso esté permitido por una excepción o limitación aplicable.
No se dan garantías. La licencia podría no darle todos los permisos que necesita para el uso que tenga previsto. Por ejemplo, otros derechos como publicidad, privacidad, o derechos morales pueden limitar la forma en que utilice el material.
