Disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers
e202403022
Keywords:
Disabled persons, Crime victims, Theft, Violence, PeruAbstract
BACKGROUND // About 15% of the world’s population has some degree of disability. Violence and crime primarily affect the Latin American region, especially Peru. This study aimed to determine the association between disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers in 2017.
METHODS // A cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis from the National Specialized Victimization Survey (ENEVIC) 2017 was conducted. The independent variable was disability status, and the dependent variable was robbery victimization; in addition, confounding variables were included. Poisson regression was performed to demonstrate the association, and prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated.
RESULTS // Records of 32,199 Peruvians aged 18 years or older were included. People with disabilities were 24% less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities (PR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.61-0.95), adjusted for confounding variables. However, this association was only statistically significant in women, older adults, and the high socioeconomic stratum.
CONCLUSIONS // In Peru, people with disabilities are less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities. However, only if they are women, older adults, and come from a high socioeconomic level. In the other population groups, the probabilities of suffering this victimization would be similar between people with and without disabilities.
Downloads
References
World Report on Disability 2011 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131540
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Perú: Caracterización de las Condiciones de Vida de la Población con Discapacidad, 2017 [Internet]. INEI; 2018. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1591/libro.pdf
Vilalta C, Castillo JG, Torres JA. Delitos violentos en ciudades de América Latina [Internet]. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; 2016 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/spanish/document/Delitos-violentos-en-ciudades-de-Am%C3%A9rica-Latina.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Perú: Anuario Estadístico de Criminalidad y de Seguridad Ciudadana 2012-2018 [Internet]. 2019 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1691/index.html
Krnjacki L, Emerson E, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh AM. Prevalence and risk of violence against people with and without disabilities: findings from an Australian population-based study. Aust N Z J Public Health [Internet]. 2016;40(1):16-21. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12498
Hughes RB, Lund EM, Gabrielli J, Powers LE, Curry MA. Prevalence of interpersonal violence against community-living adults with disabilities: a literature review. Rehabil Psychol [Internet]. 2011;56(4):302-319. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025620
Dammeyer J, Chapman M. A national survey on violence and discrimination among people with disabilities. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2018;18(1):355. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5277-0
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Encuesta Nacional Especializada sobre Victimización-Principales Resultados 2017 [Internet]. Lima: INEI; 2018. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1540/libro.pdf
Madans JH, Loeb ME, Altman BM. Measuring disability and monitoring the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: the work of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2011;11 Suppl 4:S4. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-S4-S4
Brisson D, Roll S. The effect of neighborhood on crime and safety: a review of the evidence. J Evid Based Soc Work [Internet]. 2012;9(4):333-350. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15433714.2010.525407
Admire A, Ramirez B. Violence and Disability: Experiences and Perceptions of Victimization Among Deaf People. J Interpers Violence [Internet]. 2021;36(1-2):NP1-25. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517730564
Janssen I. Crime and perceptions of safety in the home neighborhood are independently associated with physical activity among 11-15 year olds. Prev Med [Internet]. 2014;66:113-117. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.016
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Primera Encuesta Nacional Especializada sobre discapacidad 2012 [Internet]. Lima: INEI; 2014 [consultado 21 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1171/ENEDIS%202012%20-%20COMPLETO.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Salud. Perfil Sociodemográfico de la Población con Discapacidad, 2017 [Internet]. Lima: INEI; 2017 [consultado 21 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1675/
Palmer M, Harley D. Models and measurement in disability: an international review. Health Policy Plan [Internet]. 2012;27(5):357-64. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czr047
Amate EA, Vásquez AJ. Discapacidad: lo que todos debemos saber. Conceptos generales sobre discapacidad [Internet]. Washigton: Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud; 2006. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/719/9275316163.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Mendieta P. Perú es el segundo país con las cifras más altas de inseguridad [Internet]. Correo. 2018 [consultado 21 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://diariocorreo.pe/peru/peru-segundo-pais-cifras-mas-altas-inseguridad-812496/
Gallo EAG, Menezes AMB, Murray J, Silva LAD da, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H et al. Criminal victimization in childhood and adolescence according to official records: the Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Cad Saude Publica [Internet]. 2016;32(8):e00072915. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00072915
Zaykowski H, Gunter WD. Gender differences in victimization risk: exploring the role of deviant lifestyles. Violence Vict [Internet]. 2013;28(2):341-56. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00019
Terranova C, Bevilacqua G, Zen M, Montisci M. Crimes against the elderly in Italy, 2007-2014. J Forensic Leg Med [Internet]. 2017;50:20-27. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2017.06.005
Emerson E, Krnjacki L, Llewellyn G, Vaughan C, Kavanagh A. Perceptions of safety and exposure to violence in public places among working age adults with disabilities or long-term health conditions in the UK: cross sectional study. Public Health [Internet]. 12016;135:91-96. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.036
Clark CR, Kawachi I, Ryan L, Ertel K, Fay ME, Berkman LF. Perceived neighborhood safety and incident mobility disability among elders: the hazards of poverty. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2009;9:162. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-162
Won J, Lee C, Forjuoh SN, Ory MG. Neighborhood safety factors associated with older adults’ health-related outcomes: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 2016;165:177-86. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.024
Hessel P, Martínez Botero MA, Cuartas J. Acute exposure to violent neighborhood crime and depressive symptoms among older individuals in Colombia. Health Place [Internet]. 2019;59:102162. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102162
Carlson JA, Bracy NL, Sallis JF, Millstein RA, Saelens BE, Kerr J et al. Sociodemographic moderators of relations of neighborhood safety to physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc [Internet]. 2014;46(8):1554-1563. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000274
Vilca MA, Castro EBG. Efectividad de la presencia policial y serenazgo municipal sobre los hechos delictivos en hurto y robo: una aproximación a nivel municipal. Semestre Economico [Internet]. 2020;9(2):4-19. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.26867/seconomico.v9i2.384
Krnjacki L, Priest N, Aitken Z, Emerson E, Llewellyn G, King T et al. Disability-based discrimination and health: findings from an Australian-based population study. Aust N Z J Public Health [Internet]. 2018;42(2):172-174. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12735
Moscoso-Porras MG, Alvarado GF. Association between perceived discrimination and healthcare-seeking behavior in people with a disability. Disabil Health J [Internet]. 2018;11(1):93-98. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.04.002
Harrell E. Crime against persons with disabilities, 2008-2010-statistical tables [Internet]. The Office of Justice Programs. 2011 [consultado 21 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/crime-against-persons-disabilities-2008-2010-statistical-tables
Nixon M, Thomas SDM, Daffern M, Ogloff JRP. Estimating the risk of crime and victimisation in people with intellectual disability: a data-linkage study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2017;52(5):617-626. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1371-3
Fogden BC, Thomas SDM, Daffern M, Ogloff JRP. Crime and victimisation in people with intellectual disability: a case linkage study. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016;16:170. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0869-7
Nakkeeran N, Nakkeeran B. Disability, mental health, sexual orientation and gender identity: understanding health inequity through experience and difference. Health Res Policy Syst [Internet]. 2018;16(Suppl 1):97. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0366-1
Temple JB, Kelaher M, Williams R. Discrimination and avoidance due to disability in Australia: evidence from a National Cross Sectional Survey. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2018;18(1):1347. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6234-7
Jacob US, Pillay J, Adeoye OE, Oni TK. Barriers to employment of people with intellectual disability. Work [Internet]. 2023;74(1):207-218. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211097
Grossman BR, Magaña S. Introduction to the special issue: Family Support of Persons with Disabilities Across the Life Course. J Fam Soc Work [Internet]. 2016;19(4):237-251. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2016.1234272
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 J. Jhonnel Alarco, María José Yllanes-Palomino
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Usted es libre de:
Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato.
La licenciante no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.
Bajo los siguientes términos:
Atribución — Usted debe dar crédito de manera adecuada , brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante.
NoComercial — Usted no puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales.
SinDerivadas — Si remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, no podrá distribuir el material modificado.
No hay restricciones adicionales — No puede aplicar términos legales ni medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otras a hacer cualquier uso permitido por la licencia.
Avisos:
No tiene que cumplir con la licencia para elementos del material en el dominio público o cuando su uso esté permitido por una excepción o limitación aplicable.
No se dan garantías. La licencia podría no darle todos los permisos que necesita para el uso que tenga previsto. Por ejemplo, otros derechos como publicidad, privacidad, o derechos morales pueden limitar la forma en que utilice el material.
![¿Cómo evaluar para la RESP? [PARA REVISORES]](https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/public/site/images/rmartinb/pastilla-revisores-0eaa113abcbc4fc554c7c6c7840ca4c6.jpg)
![¿Cómo recibir avisos sobre nuevos artículos de la RESP? [PARA LECTORES]](https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/public/site/images/rmartinb/pastilla-lectores-aa689338e95aab07df45b4b0d583188f.jpg)
