Big Data en salud: un nuevo paradigma para regular, un desafío para la justicia social

e202110150

Autores/as

  • Soledad Cabezón Ruiz Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla. España.
  • Rubén Morilla Romero de la Osa Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla. España. / Departamento de Enfermería de la Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla. España. / Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Sevilla. España. / Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla. España.

Palabras clave:

Big Data, Ética clínica, Ética basada en principios, Justicia social, Anonimización de datos, Disparidades sanitarias

Resumen

Además de las oportunidades que supone el uso de Big Data en salud, también genera desafíos importantes en el campo de la investigación, especialmente desde el punto de vista de su gestión y de las consideraciones éticas.

La Unión Europea ha estado promoviendo diferentes iniciativas que permitan la explotación de estos datos en el contexto de la economía del conocimiento. El Comité de Ética de la UNESCO ha identificado tres principios éticos a tener en cuenta sobre la aplicación de Big Data en Salud: independencia, privacidad y justicia.

La protección de la privacidad y la seguridad de los pacientes se cuestiona en un contexto en el que la ciberseguridad está lejos de ser completa. Además, un desequilibrio en la explotación de estos datos por parte de los sectores público y privado podría generar inequidades que significarían un problema importante de justicia social.

Este artículo sigue una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental de los textos legislativos vigentes, especialmente el recientemente aprobado reglamento general de protección de datos (RGPD), así como documentos no legislativos de proyectos y comunicaciones parlamentarias a lo largo de las dos últimas legislaturas, con el objetivo es analizarlas y evaluar cómo se ajustan a los principios esbozados por la UNESCO, especialmente con respecto al principio de justicia social. También se revisan los proyectos nacionales más representativos que han empezado a adoptarse.

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Publicado

07-10-2021

Cómo citar

1.
Cabezón Ruiz S, Morilla Romero de la Osa R. Big Data en salud: un nuevo paradigma para regular, un desafío para la justicia social: e202110150. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 7 de octubre de 2021 [citado 26 de noviembre de 2024];95:13 páginas. Disponible en: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/457

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