Descriptive study of a series of deaths due to accidental falls in the elderly

e202110179

Authors

  • Priscila Caballero Casanoves Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Catalunya. Tarragona. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-2730
  • Eneko Barbería Marcalain Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Catalunya. Tarragona. España. / Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Reus. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-3597
  • Josep M. Suelves Joanxich Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Barcelona. España. / Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-6944
  • Francisco García Sayago Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Catalunya. Tarragona. España. / Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Reus. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8370

Keywords:

Over 65 year, Accidental falls, Accidental injuries, Mortality, Risk factors, Autopsy, Comorbidity, Polypharmacy

Abstract

Background: Accidental falls are a growing public health problem. The objective was to describe the characteristics of deaths due to accidental falls in people over 65 from the forensic source.
Methods: Descriptive observational study of deceased at over 65 undergoing judicial autopsy in Tarragona between the years 2013-2017 whose basic cause of death was coded as accidental fall (W00-W19 of the International Classification of Diseases – 10th edition).
Results: 89 cases were identified (42.7% women). The mean age of the deceased females (82.9 years) was significantly higher than that of the males (77.6 years). The cause of death was a head injury in 77.5% of cases. 78.7% had previously been assisted in a hospital center. Falls from one level to another were significantly more lethal (60% vs 40%), and were associated with those corpses not coming from hospital. 82% had prescribed at least one drug (57.5% more than 5). 85.4% had a pathological history. Comorbidity was significantly higher in females and in corpses from hospital and lower in falls from one level to another.
Conclusions: The data, based on forensic sources, show the presence of risk factors associated with the fatality of accidental falls in ≥65 years of age. More studies are needed to understand its role in
these injuries.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Centers for Disease Control And Prevention (CDC). Older Adult Falls. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/falls/index.html. [Citado septiembre 2021].

Florence CS, Bergen G, Atherly A, Burns E, Stevens J, Drake C. (2018). Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,66(4),693–698. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15304.

World Health Organization. WHO global report on falls prevention in older age. 2007. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Falls_prevention7March.pdf. [Citado septiembre 2021]

Suelves JM, Martínez V, Medina A. (2010). Lesiones por caídas y factores asociados en personas mayores de Cataluña, España. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 27(1), 37–42.

Miró Ò, Brizzi BN, Aguiló S, Alemany X, Jacob J, Llorens P, Herrero P, González B, Castro V, Torres V, Cenjor R, Gil A, Rico V, Martónez G, Láraro M, Martín-Sáchez F. (2018). Perfil de los pacientes ancianos atendidos en urgencias por caídas (Registro FALL-ER): magnitud del problema y posibilidades de mejora en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios.Revista de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias, 30(4), 231–240.

Barbería E, Xifró A, Arimany-Manso J. (2017). Impacto beneficioso de la incorporación de las fuentes forenses a las estadísticas de mortalidad. Revista Española de Medicina Legal, 43(1), 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.reml.2017.01.001

Barbería E, Xifró A, Suelves JM, Arimany-Manso J. (2014). La proyección social y sanitaria de los Institutos de Medicina Legal en España: más allá de la justicia. Medicina Clinica, 142(2), 5–11. doi:10.1016/S0025-7753(14)70065-X.

Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS). 18/05/2016.

Sammy I, Lecky F, Sutton A, Leaviss J, O’Cathain A. (2016). Factors affecting mortality in older trauma patients-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury, 47(6), 1170-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.02.027.

Safety and Mobility. (2021). Step Safely: Strategies for preventing and managing falls across the life-course. World Health Organization. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924002191-4

Casey WM, Hannay CR, Murray RJ, Straker MM, Hanna JP, Meizoso JJ, Ray AS, Livingstone CI, Schulman NN, Kenneth GP. (2015). Causes of death differ between elderly and adult falls. Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 79 (4), 617-621. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000811

Spaniolas K, Cheng JD, Gestring ML, Sangosanya A, Stassen NA, Bankey PE. (2010). Ground Level Falls Are Associated With Significant Mortality in Elderly Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 69 (4), 821-825. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181efc6c6

Ine.es. 2021. Defunciones según la Causa de Muerte. [online] Disponible en: https://www.ine.es/prensa/edcm_ene_may_19_20.pdf [Consultado 13 August 2021].

Ine.es. 2021. Principales series de población desde 1998 [online] Disponible en: https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=01002.px&L=0[Consultado 06 septiembre 2021].

Ine.es. 2021. Esperanza de Vida. [online] Disponible en: https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=es_ES&c=INESeccion_C&cid=1259926380048&p=1254735110672&pagename=ProductosYServicios/PYSLayout [Consultado 06 septiembre 2021].

Garrido E, García I, García J, García F, Ortega I, Bueno A. (2011). Estudio de pacientes polimedicados mayores de 65 años en un centro de asistencia primaria urbano. Revista de Calidad Asistencial, 26(2), 90–96. doi: 10.1016/j.cali.2010.10.002

Schick S, Heinrich D, Graw M, Aranda A, Ferrari U, Peldschus S. (2018). Fatal falls in the elderly and the presence of proximal femur fractures. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 132 (6), 1699–1712. doi: 10.1007/s00414-018-1876-7

Yokota M, Fujita T, Nakahara S, Sakamoto T. (2020). Clarifying differences in injury patterns between ground-level falls and falls from heights among the elderly in Japan. Public Health, 181, 114-118. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.020

Dhalwani NN, Fahami R, Sathanapally H, Seidu S, Davies MJ, Khunti K. (2017). Association between polypharmacy and falls in older adults: a longitudinal study from England. BMJ Open, 7(10), 016358. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016358

Hart LA, Phelan EA, Yi JY, Marcum ZA, Gray SL. (2020). Use of Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs Around a Fall-Related Injury in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(6), 1334-1343. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16369

Seppala LJ, Van der Velde N, Masud T, Blain H, Petrovic M, Van der Cammen TJ. (2019). Task and Finish group on Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs (FRIDs): Position on Knowledge Dissemination, Management, and Future Research. Drugs and Aging, 36(4), 299-307. doi: 10.1007/s40266-018-0622-7

Published

2021-10-20

How to Cite

1.
Caballero Casanoves P, Barbería Marcalain E, Suelves Joanxich JM, García Sayago F. Descriptive study of a series of deaths due to accidental falls in the elderly : e202110179. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 20 [cited 2025 Jun. 7];95:9 páginas. Available from: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/607

Issue

Section

Originales breves

Categories

Most read articles by the same author(s)