Asociación entre el entorno de práctica de actividad física y los hábitos de vida e indicadores de salud física y psicosocial
e202202017
Palabras clave:
Entorno, Vecindario, Salud, Hábitos de vida, Calidad de vida, Salud mentalResumen
Fundamentos: Las características del entorno de residencia parecen estar estrechamente relacionadas con el estado de salud de sus residentes, pudiendo tener, la infraestructura vinculada a la práctica de actividad física, una influencia directa sobre la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el entorno de práctica de actividad física, evaluando en adolescentes su relación con diversos hábitos de vida e indicadores de salud física y psicosocial, rendimiento académico, así como la influencia de diversas variables sociodemográficas.
Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en una muestra de 761 estudiantes (14,51±1,63 años) de 25 centros educativos de una región del norte de España. Se valoró el entorno para la práctica de actividad física, el nivel de actividad física, las horas de sueño nocturno, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el índice de masa corporal, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la autoestima, el rendimiento académico y diversos factores sociodemográficos.
Resultados: La residencia en entornos más favorables para la realización de actividad física se asoció con índices más altos de actividad física, adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, consumo máximo de oxígeno, autoestima y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Además, las tasas de residencia en entornos más favorables para la realización de actividad física eran menores por parte de los migrantes y aquellos con bajo/medio nivel socioeconómico.
Conclusiones: La infraestructura vinculada a la práctica de actividad física se asocia con el bienestar de sus residentes, por lo que las intervenciones dirigidas a la salud infantojuvenil deberían tener en cuenta la promoción de espacios residenciales que faciliten el acceso dicha práctica.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Raúl Jiménez Boraita, Esther Gargallo Ibort, Daniel Arriscado Alsina, Josep María Dalmau Torres
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